CNC Lathe Gear Shaft

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In the design, the application of the gear shaft is generally nothing more than the following situations:

1. The gear shaft is generally a pinion (a gear with a small number of teeth).

2. The gear shaft is generally in the high-speed stage (that is, the low torque stage).

3. The gear shaft is generally rarely used as a sliding gear for speed change. It is generally a fixed-running gear. First, because it is in a high-speed stage, its high speed is not suitable for sliding speed change.

4. The gear shaft is a combination of the shaft and the gear. However, in the design, the length of the shaft should be shortened as much as possible. If it is too long, it will not be conducive to the upper hobbing machine. Second, the support of the shaft is too long to make the shaft thicker. And increase the mechanical strength (such as rigidity, deflection, bending resistance, etc.).

Processing Technology Analysis of Gear Shaft

The machining sequence of the main surfaces of the gear shaft depends to a large extent on the selection of the positioning datum. The structural characteristics of the shaft parts themselves and the position accuracy requirements of the main surfaces of the main shaft all determine that it is ideal to use the axis as the positioning reference. This not only ensures the unity of the datum, but also makes the positioning datum coincide with the design datum. Generally, the outer circle is used as the rough reference, and the tip holes at both ends of the shaft are used as the fine reference. Specific selection should also pay attention to the following points.

(1) When the mutual position accuracy requirements between the processing surfaces are high, it is best to complete the processing of each surface in one clamping.

(2) When rough machining or cannot be positioned with the top holes at both ends (such as the machining spindle taper hole), in order to improve the rigidity of the process system during workpiece processing, only the outer circular surface can be used for positioning or the outer circular surface and the center hole at one end can be used as positioning benchmark. During the machining process, the outer circle of the shaft and the center hole at one end should be used alternately as the positioning reference to meet the mutual position accuracy requirements.

(3) If the shaft is a part with a through hole, the original center hole will disappear after the through hole is drilled. In order to still use the center hole for positioning, a cone plug or a tapered sleeve mandrel with a center hole is generally used. When the taper of the shaft hole is large (such as the spindle of the milling machine), the taper sleeve mandrel can be used; when the taper of the spindle hole is small (such as the CA6140 machine tool spindle), the taper plug can be used. It must be noted that the taper sleeve mandrel and taper plug used should have high precision and minimize the number of installations. The center hole on the mandrel of the taper plug and the taper sleeve is not only the positioning datum of its own manufacture, but also the finishing datum of the outer circle of the main shaft, so it must be ensured that the taper surface on the taper plug or the taper sleeve mandrel has a higher relationship with the center hole. Concentricity. If it is a small and medium batch production, the workpiece is generally not replaced halfway after it is installed on the cone plug. If the outer circle and the tapered hole need to be processed repeatedly based on each other, the center hole must be aligned according to the outer circle or the center hole must be reground when reinstalling the cone plug or the shaft sleeve mandrel.

From the above analysis, the selection of positioning datum in the gear shaft processing process should consider the arrangement of the process in this way: at the beginning, the outer circle is used as the rough datum to drill the center hole of the end face to prepare the positioning datum for rough turning; while the outer circle of rough turning is used as the follow-up Machining preparation positioning reference: Afterwards, in order to prepare the positioning reference for the semi-finishing and finishing outer circle, the front and rear top holes are processed first as the positioning reference; the gear tooth profile processing also uses the top hole as the positioning reference, which is very good It embodies the principle of benchmark unification and fully embodies the principle of benchmark coincidence.

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